卫生类：概括大意Even Intelligent People Can Fail
1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light， take a photograph， watch TV， search the Web， jet across the Pacific Ocean， talk on a cell-phone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.
2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edisons success in heating a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey， US. He did that on October 22， 1879， and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan， even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on， on September 4， 1882.
3 "Many of lifes failures，" the supreme innovator said， "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879， Edison had worked out no fewer than 3，000 theories about electric light， but in only two cases did his experiments work.
4 No one likes failure， but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz， the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc， attributes some of the companys successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is: "You only fail when you quit."
5 Over two centuries， the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney， the founder of Disneyland， was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US$1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.
6 Failure is harder to bear in todays open， accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time， a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffens company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually， it wasnt. After four years of losses， Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself.
1 Paragraph 2__________.
2 Paragraph 3__________.
3 Paragraph 4__________.
4 Paragraph 5__________.
A Importance of learning from failure
B Quality shared by most innovators
C Edisons innovation
D Edisons comment on failure
E Contributions made by innovators
F Miseries endured by innovators
5 People often didnt realize how close they were to success when__________.
6 Before Henry Ford eventually developed the Model T car，__________.
7 Walt Disney was once so poor that__________.
8 The media demand that__________.
A he developed 3，000 theories
B he couldnt afford to buy a pair of shoes
C he found himself an unsuccessful man
D they quitted
E an innovation should work immediately
F failure is the mother of success
【参考答案】 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B5. D 6. C 7. B 8. E
【答案解析】
1 C 本文的标题是：即使是聪明人也会失败。第二和第三段都跟Edison直接相关。第二段描述的是他的发明创造。
2 D 本段是。Edison对失败的看法。第一句话的意思是：生活中的许多失败是半途而废，这些人不知道其实他们放弃时离成功已经是近在咫尺了。
3 A 本段的第一句话是这么说的：没有人喜欢失败，但是聪明的发明家会从中吸取教训。注意：一个段落的第一句话常常是主题句。
4 B 本段的第一句话是这么说的：两个世纪来，发明家表现出的一个共同品质是弃而不舍。
5 D 本题是根据第三段的第一句话设计的。quit和give up口都有“放弃”的意思。He has given up smoking.他戒烟了……He has quitted smoking他戒烟了。
6 c 本题是根据第五段的最后一句话设计的。该句说到了Henry Ford本人的早年生涯并不成功。
7 B 第五段也说到了Walt Disney，他曾经都付不起只需1.5美元的修鞋的钱。本题就是根据Walt Disney，当时的情况设计的。
8 E 该题问的是：媒体要求什么?最后一段的第三句是这么说的：但是，一个没有耐心的社会和媒体希望即时成功。因此E是合适的选项。